Rapid Read: CRISPR — Gene Expression
Welcome to the second part of the blog series on exploring CRISPR, from fundamentals to advanced applications. We will explore the basics of gene expression, setting the stage for understanding CRISPR technology.
Gene expression is the process by which the genetic information stored in DNA is utilized to create functional gene products like proteins. Understanding gene expression is crucial in interpreting how organisms develop and function at a molecular level.
The first step in gene expression is transcription, where a specific gene’s DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is catalyzed by an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which binds to the DNA at the gene’s promoter region and initiates the synthesis of mRNA.
After transcription, the newly formed pre-mRNA undergoes processing steps like capping, splicing and polyadenylation to become mature mRNA. These modifications ensure the stability and functionality of the mRNA molecule.
The final stage of gene expression is translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm. During translation, the mRNA sequence is decoded by ribosomes and specific amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein based on the genetic code carried by the mRNA.
CRISPR operates at the genetic level by targeting specific DNA sequences that plays a crucial role in gene expression. Through precise editing these sequences, CRISPR has the ability to modify or regulate gene expression, which has significant consequences across diverse fields such as medicine and agriculture.
A thorough understanding of gene expression is essential for maximizing the capabilities of CRISPR. By utilizing gene expression patterns, researchers can create targeted treatments for genetic disorders or engineer crops with enhanced characteristics.
